Fig. 5

a Understory of dead ponderosa pine seedlings after surface fire and b fire-induced gaps with pine regeneration (scale is William Bond in lower left hand corner at 2.1 m ht; photos by J. Keeley)
a Understory of dead ponderosa pine seedlings after surface fire and b fire-induced gaps with pine regeneration (scale is William Bond in lower left hand corner at 2.1 m ht; photos by J. Keeley)