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Table 1 Type and number of recorded harvesting operations

From: Improved models of harvest-induced bark damage

Harvesting system

Degree of mechanisation

Assortment

Skidding methods

Distance to skid trail

No. of cases

No. of trees

No. of damaged trees

Tree species

1

mm

Long logs (>7 m)

cl + gt

40 and >40 m

41

2,580

414

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

2

mm

Long logs (>7 m)

cl

40 and >40 m

18

1,552

260

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

3

mm

Long logs (>7 m), tree-length logs, full-trees

cy

ct

23

758

208

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

4

mm

Short logs (<7 m)

cl + gt

40 m

6

530

23

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

5

mm

Tree-length logs

cl + gt

40 and >40 m

23

1,383

224

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

6

mm or pm

Full-trees

cl + gt

>40 m

8

469

117

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

7

pm

Short logs (<7 m)

cl + gt

40 m

25

1,976

314

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

8

pm

Short logs (<7 m)

gt

40 m

22

1,606

184

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

9

pm

Long logs (>7 m)

cl + gt

40 m

4

529

70

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

10

fm

Short logs (<7 m)

gt

20 m

14

1,011

93

Sp, Be, Fir, Dg Fir, Pi, La

  1. mm motor manual, pm partially mechanised, fm fully mechanised, cl cable, gt grip tong, cy cable yarder, ct cable trail, Sp spruce, Be beech, Dg Fir Douglas fir, Pi pine, La larch