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Table 5 Mathematical formulation, significance and magnitude of the temporal changes in BAI estimated for the 8 species under study over 1980–2007

From: Recent growth changes in Western European forests are driven by climate warming and structured across tree species climatic habitats

Environmental context

Species

Trend complexity

Significant F tests (%)

Relative BAI change 1980–2007 (%)

95% bootstrap bilateral confidence interval (%)

Average BAI 1980–1985 (m2/ha/year)

Absolute change in BAI 1980–2007 (m2/ha/year)

Mountain

P. abies

2

97

+42

[29; 54]

0.78

+0.33

A. alba

1

99

+19

[10; 29]

0.68

+0.13

Generalist

P. sylvestris

1

7

−2

[−12; 9.4]

0.45

−0.01

F. sylvatica

2

70

+5 (+13/−8)

[−6; 17]

0.51

+0.03 (+0.29/−0.18)

Temperate lowland

Q. petraea

3

86

−3 (+12/−15)

[−14; 9]

0.44

−0.01 (+0.25/−0.31)

Q. robur

1

14

+4

[−6; 13]

0.42

+0.02

Mediterranean

Q. pubescens

1

97

−17

[−25; −9]

0.26

−0,05

P. halepensis

3

92

−24 (+19/−45)

[−34; −12]

0.37

−0.09 (+0.42/−1)

  1. Trend complexity from 1 to 3 refers to the polynomial degree retained for calendar year effect (Eqs. 5 to 7). The proportions of significant F tests of nested models on the bootstrap fits are reported (section 4.1), as well as retained trend complexity (complexity 0 being in absence of calendar year effect in the nested model). Q robur and P sylvestris are the only species for which no trend is significant. The relative and absolute (applying the relative BAI change to the average initial species BAI, computed from the first 2/3 years depending on data availability) changes in BAI between 1980 and 2007 are indicated. Numbers in brackets refer to trends showing a maximum, for which we also indicated the relative increase and the following relative decrease (trend complexity 2 and 3)