Fig. 1

Annual mean diameter growth (a), mean height growth (b) dynamics, annual mean diameter (c), and mean height (d) in four logging residue loading treatments over the 19-year study period. The N, W, S, and D treatments were (1) removal of all organic matter (N), (2) logging residue loading similar to whole-tree harvesting residuals left o site (W), (3) logging residue loading similar to stem-only harvesting residuals left on site (S), and (4) logging residue loading double that of stem-only harvesting and similar to disease and insects killed stands (d), respectively. The P values were from the repeated measure ANOVA that concerns sampling year, residue loading treatments, and their interactions