From: Assessing spatial and temporal dynamics of a spruce budworm outbreak across the complex forested landscape of Maine, USA
Years after the initiation of an outbreak
Scenarios
Reference
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
% area defoliated
+1
4
1
12
76
6
3
+2
72
68
77
26
90
11
100
57
+3
92
36