Fig. 5
Structural equation saturated model showing latent (circles) and observed variables (squares) and their relationship. Standardized path coefficients describing the sign and intensity of the relationship among variables (red colours indicate negative relationships and green ones positive relationships). R2 are shown for significant fitness-related variables (survival, reproduction and growth) explained by abiotic, stem quality and developmental variables. All path coefficients are significant (p value < 0.05)