Fig. 1

Geographical distribution, locations of study sites and mapping of the Bayesian genetic clusters in Quercus aquifolioides. a Species range (dashed line) and sampling locations (black dots). b The magnitude of Delta K and LnP (K) as functions of K suggesting the existence of two major clusters as the most likely scenario. c Histogram of individual assignments for K = 2 and K = 3. The major lineages are indicated on top and population codes below the histogram. d Geographical distributions of two primary lineages and their mixed individuals based on the clustering analysis (K = 2). Threshold Q values 0.8/0.2 were chosen to assign individuals to lineages or their mixed individuals