Table 4 Crooking_{due-to-sawing} measured in logs and semi-logs under different treatments per tree height of Hieronyma alchorneoides wood from the fast-growth plantation

0.0–2.5

Untreated

72.0^A (23.1)

42.2^A (40.1)

52.6^A (59.4)

39.2^A (25.0)

Heating_treatment

41.4^B (25.2)

33.1^A (32.0)

38.8^A (57.5)

32.2^A (26.8)

Steaming_treatment

26.9^C (61.2)

19.9^B (88.4)

21.7^B (78.0)

14.0^B (71.2)

2.5–5.0

Untreated

52.0^A (31.9)

31.0^A (46.2)

56.8^A (27.4)

24.3^A (133.2)

Heating_treatment

43.6^A (42.8)

28.8^A (35.9)

64.2^A (62.4)

24.5^A (84.2)

Steaming_treatment

24.9^B (73.0)

16.3^B (79.8)

15.3^B (94.4)

19.6^A (133.2)

5.0–7.5

Untreated

57.6^A (30.3)

43.8^A (39.7)

57.5^A (72.85)

46.3^A (70.0)

Heating_treatment

49.6^A (21.9)

41.3^A (25.2)

55.9^A (34.88)

26.3^AB (36.3)

Steaming_treatment

44.0^A (37.1)

23.7^B (36.3)

40.7^A (13.26)

7.7^B (79.4)

7.5–10.0

Untreated

57.6^A (24.4)

32.3^A (14.9)

78.6^A (15.16)

46.0^A (57.7)

Heating_treatment

45.1^B (10.5)

36.9^A (52.9)

42.1^B (24.86)

16.9^B (112.3)

Steaming_treatment

18.5^C (21.9)

13.0^B (26.7)

17.0^C (33.96)

4.5^C (115.5)