Fig. 5

TLS detection of tree stems. a A histogram shows the DBH distribution of the detected stems with DBH calculated using the “xy-range” approach (see Fig. 3a). The black line is a fit of a log-normal distribution. The red lines mark the peak of the log-normal distribution (3.5 cm) and the 10-cm threshold. b Forest point cloud colored in a blue-yellow color gradient based on the z-values of the points. c Same as b, but with the TLS-detected stems indicated in orange