Fig. 2

Potential CH4 oxidation (A, F), soil water content (SWC, B, G), bulk density (C, H), mineral nitrogen (D, I) and CO2 production (E, J) of intact soil cores (0–5 cm in depth) incubated at 20°C. The box plots include values of 12 samples in 13 stands (n = 156) in fall 2018 and spring 2019 (left part of the figure: A–E) and values of 12 samples in five stands (n = 60) for the three sampling dates (right part of the figure: F–J). The horizontal thick line is the median; the diamond, the mean; the box, the interquartile range; the whisker, from the largest value no further than 1.5 times the upper quartile to the smallest value at most 1.5 times the lower quartile. Outliers (1 to 3 values) are not plotted to not extend the y-axis scale. Different letters indicate significant differences at p = 0.05 between seasons