Table 1 List of studied species including mortality, hydraulic vulnerability, and starch depletion thresholds. Hydraulic safety, starch concentration, and mortality time thresholds after shade- and light-exposed treatments in the light manipulation phase are included. Additional information is available in Appendix Tables 5, 6, and 7. Phylogenetic relationships across species are shown in Appendix Fig. 10. Ψ₅₀, the water potential inducing 50% of loss in hydraulic conductivity; time_mortality50%, time leading to 50% of plant mortality; time_HSM0, the time to reach a null safety margin (Ψ_MD—Ψ₅₀); time_starch50%, time leading to 50% of starch depletion

Abies nordmanniana Steven (Spach)

Pinaceae

conifer

 − 3.65

41.37

36.75

59.01

49.84

37.23

37.74

Arbutus unedo L

Ericaceae

angiosperm

 − 8.23

46.9

20.44

77.49

65.59

39.21

29.55

Buxus sempervirens L

Buxaceae

angiosperm

 − 8.00

66.43

57.26

99.12

84.28

42.15

40.04

Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex. Carrière

Pinaceae

conifer

 − 5.14

60.97

43.47

112.28

77.63

48.75

57.26

Cupressus macrocarpa (Hartw.) Bartel

Cupressaceae

conifer

 − 6.73

68.46

43.75

117.18

77.84

50.62

55.68

Ilex aquifolium L

Aquifoliaceae

angiosperm

 − 6.60

62.72

56.63

115.64

123.9

52.62

50.83

Juniperus thurifera L

Cupressaceae

conifer

 − 9.29

89.25

85.75

122.15

140.49

55.78

55.61

Pinus halepensis Mill

Pinaceae

conifer

 − 5.03

65.52

62.51

116.41

100.45

69.13

50.58

Pinus pinaster Aiton

Pinaceae

conifer

 − 3.70

85.12

79.1

156.03

116.55

69.19

67.35

Pinus sylvestris L

Pinaceae

conifer

 − 3.19

83.02

70.14

111.51

82.74

56.62

57.30

Quercus ilex L

Fagaceae

angiosperm

 − 7.13

49.35

55.93

72.66

71.82

42.61

44.38

Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast

Cupressaceae

conifer

 − 13.13

68.74

56.35

112.07

114.8

62.83

59.88