Table 4 Pair-wise comparison of survival before the onset of the dry season (April) based on Cox proportional hazard model significance levels. Comparisons are made among all combinations of seedlings of 1–2 years old, with or without acorns outside the fence area in Doñana. Positive sign means the risk of death is higher for the treatment in the rows that the one on the columns (i.e., 1 yr-Acorn has higher risk than 1 yr-No Acorn). yr year

From: Acorn removal and seedling age determine oak (Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.) restoration outcome in ungulate-dominated Mediterranean environments