Fig. 3

Aerial and root biomass of the Cistus ladanifer seedlings (mean + sd) measured after 2 and 4 months of growth in greenhouse conditions. The seeds of these seedlings were exposed to heat shock before the start of the experiment and were subsequently left to germinate under five different treatments: Con: control; ↑Lit: high load of litter; ↓Lit low load of litter; ↑Ash: high load of ash; ↓Ash: low load of ash. The different letters show significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the different treatments after 2 and 4 months based on Bonferroni’s pairwise comparison