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Fig. 1 | Annals of Forest Science

Fig. 1

From: Biennial aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki is the most cost-effective approach of protection against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clemens])

Fig. 1

Experimental unit locations within the study area (Côte-Nord region of Quebec). Nineteen 100-ha experimental units were selected and established in 2007 and were assigned to one of the five protection scenarios tested in this study. Scenarios: no protection, Btk applied every 3 years, Btk applied every 2 years, Btk applied after 1 year of moderate to severe defoliation to keep defoliation ≤ 50% (standard protection in Quebec), Btk applied every year to keep spruce budworm impact at a minimum (intensive protection scenario)

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Annals of Forest Science

ISSN: 1297-966X