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Table 4 Cumulative volume losses (mortality and volume growth reductions) in m3/ha according to host species and protection scenario

From: Biennial aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki is the most cost-effective approach of protection against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clemens])

 

Mortality (m3/ha)

Volume growth losses (m3/ha)

Scenario

Balsam fir

White spruce

Black spruce

Total

Balsam fir

White spruce

Black spruce

Total

No protection

56.1 ± 7

1.8 ± 0.8

6.1 ± 4

64.0 ± 7

35.3 ± 2.1

5.5 ± 2.1

7.8 ± 2.1

48.7 ± 2.1

Btk every 3 years

43.5 ± 7

1.1 ± 0.8

0.5 ± 0.5

45.1 ± 7

13.1 ± 2.1

1.8 ± 2.1

3.8 ± 2.1

18.7 ± 2.1

Btk every 2 years

11.9 ± 7

0.6 ± 0 4

0.9 ± 0.6

13.4 ± 7

9.1 ± 2.1

1.5 ± 2.1

2.8 ± 2.1

13.5 ± 2.5

Standard

7.1 ± 9

0.2 ± 0.15

0.0 ± 0.0

7.3 ± 9

0.2 ± 2.1

1.9 ± 2.5

3.8 ± 2.5

6.0 ± 2.5

Intensive

5.4 ± 7

0.6 ± 0.3

0.4 ± 0.3

6.4 ± 7

0.4 ± 2.1

1.6 ± 2.1

0.8 ± 2.1

2.0 ± 2.1