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Table 5 Cumulative volume losses (mortality and volume growth reductions) as percentages according to host species and protection scenario

From: Biennial aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki is the most cost-effective approach of protection against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clemens])

 

Mortality (%)

   

Volume growth losses (%)

  

Scenario

Balsam fir

White spruce

Black spruce

Total

Balsam fir

White spruce

Black spruce

Total

No protection

74.38 ± 7.4

5.94 ± 1.7

13.83 ± 2.9

42.75 ± 6.2

54.40 ± 6.0

48.70 ± 6.0

55.90 ± 6.0

53.10 ± 6.0

Btk every 3 years

40.17 ± 6.7

4.11 ± 1.5

1.27 ± 1.0

25.84 ± 5.1

44.10 ± 6.0

35.10 ± 6.0

42.40 ± 6.0

39.50 ± 6.0

Btk every 2 years

10.26 ± 4.0

1.65 ± 0.8

2.25 ± 1.3

6.99 ± 2.8

22.86 ± 6.0

33.60 ± 6.0

20.91 ± 6.0

24.80 ± 6.0

Standard

7.15 ± 5.2

0.40 ± 0.6

0.0 ± 0.0

3.69 ± 2.9

0.55 ± 7.0

26.80 ± 7.0

25.20 ± 7.0

17.60 ± 7.0

Intensive

3.80 ± 2.3

1.82 ± 0.9

0.96 ± 0.8

2.95 ± 1.8

1.50 ± 6.0

27.90 ± 6.0

14.80 ± 6.0

14.80 ± 6.0