Fig. 1

Diagram of the posture control mechanisms. A largerr tensile stress is produced on the upper side than on the lower side of the tilted stem. Tension is generated either in the bark only (P. aquatica), in wood and bark (Si. amara) or in the wood only (Se. rubra). Drawing and anatomical sections showing eccentric growth and wood and bark thicknesses on both sides of the stems. Arrows: tensile stress. Schematic disc presents the diameters parallel (Da) and perpendicular (Db) to inclination as well as the bark thickness on the upper side (BTHUS) and the lower side (BTHLS)