Table 4 Average values for ash (A; %), lignin (L; %), holocellulose (H; %), and total extractive (TE; %) content of wood from mangrove tree species from other continents and tree species from different tropical forests available in published papers
Mangrove species | A | L | H | TE | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhizophora mucronata Lam | - | 28.0 | 30.0 | 6.0 | Verheyden et al. (2005) |
Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham | 2.1 | 27.4 | 71.0 | Jahan and Nasima (2009) | |
S. apetala | 1.6 | 31.8 | 83.0 | 0.3 | Mun et al. (2011) |
Excoecaria agallocha L | 3.2 | 23.6 | 77.8 | 1.0 | |
Avicennia alba Blume | 1.2 | 35.0 | 82.9 | 0.8 | |
Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham | 2.6 | 25.8 | 76.0 | 2.2 | |
Xylocarpus mekongests Pierre | 1.6 | 21.3 | 81.0 | 1.1 | |
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. ex Savigny | 1.0 | 32.0 | 76.3 | 0.6 | |
A. alba | 3.1 | - | - | - | Ramos et al. (2019) |
Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig | 0.9 | - | - | - | |
Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb | 1.5 | - | - | - | |
Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W.Theob | 1.8 | - | - | - | |
B. gymnorrhiza | 1,7 | - | - | - | |
H. fomes | 10.4 | - | - | - | |
S. apetala | 1.3 | - | - | - | |
Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh | 1.8 | - | - | - | |
Rhizophora stylosa Griff | 1.1 | - | 22.7 | - | Adebayo et al. (2019) |
Rhizophora apiculata Blume | 6.3 | 39.0 | 33.1 | 9.1 | Irman et al. (2022) |
Bruguiera cilindrica (L.) Blume | 1.2 | 28.0 | - | - | Sakurai et al. (2023) |
R. mucronata | 1.1 | 22.0 | - | - | |
A. marina | 4.3 | 19.2 | - | - | |
Non-mangrove species | |||||
Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl | 0.2 | - | - | - | Medeiros et al. (2021) |
Bowdichia nitida Spruce ex Benth | 0.1 | - | - | - | |
Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers | 1.0 | - | - | - | |
Piptadenia suaveolens Miq | 0.5 | - | - | - | |
Erisma uncinatum Warm. | 0.8 | - | - | - | Batista et al. (2021) |
Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake) | - | 25.6 | - | - | Melo et al. (2013) |
S. parahyba | - | 29.1 | - | - | Mascarenhas et al. (2021) |