Fig. 5

Extraction of individual tree heights via pseudo-waveforms. (a) and (c) are 3D point clouds of individual tree crowns clipped from cylinders, (a) is an upright tree, and (c) is an inclined tree. (b) and (d) are histograms of the height-frequency (coverage) of the point clouds and pseudo-waveform fitted by an univariate ten-order polynomial, with the red dots being the extreme points of the highest convex intervals, the height of which is the tree height